OmbuLabs Blog

At OmbuLabs, we recently had the opportunity to develop a Discord bot from scratch. We found the experience both rewarding and insightful, prompting us to create this tutorial to share our approach with you.

In this guide, we’ll walk you through the process of creating a Discord bot using Ruby on Rails, leveraging the efficiency and ease of development provided by this powerful framework.

Configuring your Rails application can be tricky. How do you define secrets? How do you set different values for your local development and for production? How can you make it more maintainable and easy to use?

Using environment variables to store information in the environment itself is one of the most used techniques to address some of these issues. However, if not done properly, the developer experience can deteriorate over time, making it difficult to onboard new team members. Security vulnerabilities can even be introduced if secrets are not handled with care.

In this article, we’ll talk about a few tools that we like to use at OmbuLabs and ideas to help you manage your environment variables efficiently.

When working with complex forms, it’s really easy to immediately start adding JavaScript to implement non-common behaviors. But there are some hidden gems in the HTML standard that allow us to do a lot of that without adding a single line of JavaScript!

Web Sockets are an integral part of a lot of modern-day systems. But have you ever wondered how a Web Socket actually works? Or does your system even need a Web Socket? In this post, we are going to cover the basics of Web Sockets, i.e, the what, the why, and the how.

Email threads are great for improving the user experience of your app. In this post we will learn how the RFC 5322 specification expects us to thread emails. We will also learn that emails don’t always work as we expect them to. At the end of this post you will have email threading as another tool in your Rails belt.

Previously, I outlined the new hotness that is Hotwire. New features are nice, but what can you build with it? Let’s build a little project, and let’s make it something different from the usual Twitter clone that’s being used to demonstrate this new feature. Instead, I’ll show how to build a basic scrolling price ticker like you’d see on any stock site that updates in real time. We’ll learn a few interesting things along the way.

Have you ever had to deal with complex forms creating multiple objects and hierarchies in one request? Rails is there to help provide a set of helpers, methods and conventions to build nested forms, handle assignment, and creation of the objects involved in only a few lines of code. In this blog I’ll explain how that works using accepts_nested_attributes_for, fields_for, strong parameters and more.

One of the most visible and controversial new developments with the release of Rails 6.0 is Hotwire. Like anything in web development, the growing popularity of single page applications using JS frameworks has sparked some resistance. Arguably, the duplication of logic that single page applications often require violates the DRY principle. There are also many developers who would like the responsiveness of single page applications without all of the client side JavaScript and it’s associated headaches. There are a considerable number of developers who’d like the pendulum to swing back towards the server, but maybe keep some of the more desirable aspects of the SPA pattern. Hotwire is a fresh take on how to do this the Rails way.

Some time ago we wrote an article to explain how to implement Stripe Connect in a Rails application. That article covered mainly the connection part between Rails and Stripe. This one will cover the fun part, which is making transactions, charges, refunds, and more.

If you haven’t checked out the first part yet I recommend you do so since this article will continue from where that one ended.

Service Objects are a controversial idea for several different reasons: some developers like to use them, others like to use similar patterns, and some think that they are just unnecessary because they prefer fat models.

Here at OmbuLabs we like to use service objects whenever we can, we think it’s a great way to keep our controllers skinny.

In this post I would like to discuss my idea about service objects and why it’s adopted by our team.

In a recent project for OmbuLabs, we had to integrate Bitrix24 (the tool that the client was using to administrate their business) with the Rails application that we were building for a client.

The goal of this integration was to sync data between the Rails app and the Bitrix CRM. Basically we wanted to pull data from Bitrix every time there was a change (i.e. Lead was created/updated). We also wanted to sync the other way around, push changes to Bitrix every time something changed on the Rails side.

In a previous article we talked about one of the Rails Girls events that we sponsored and co-organized in 2018. Fast forward one year to our first event of 2019 at A3, a new coworking space located in Buenos Aires, we were once again sponsors and volunteers at another successful Rails Girls event.

One of the first complications that most webapps of any complexity will run into is the need for privileged users who can do things that normal users can’t or shouldn’t be able to do. Before too long, you’re headed towards writing your very own administrative interface. This is not only extra work, but can be tricky to do without compromising the security of the application you’re administering. Most Rails developers will be familiar with this story, and Rails being Rails, it turns out that there are a couple of good options for extending your existing applications with a pre-generated, customizable admin console.

In a recent project for OmbuLabs, we were looking for a payment solution that allows users of our platform to easily start accepting online payments while at the same time allowing us to collect a fee from each transaction they receive. That’s where Stripe Connect came into place.

At OmbuLabs, we are big fans of Ruby on Rails and design patterns, especially convention over configuration! The beauty of Rails is that you can inherit a legacy project and easily find the different layers of code in different directories.

When it comes to database migrations the policy of Rails is very clear. It’s all about altering the database structure with gradual migration files: “Migrations are a convenient way to alter your database schema over time in a consistent and easy way.” (source)

But, what about data migrations? What’s the best way to write, maintain, and run migrations that alter the data in your production database?

In this article I will talk about three different patterns for writing and maintaining your data migrations:

1. Data migrations in db/migrate
2. Data migrations with a set of Rake tasks
3. Data migrations with data_migrate

If you’re looking for services that handle the delivery of your emails and SMSs in your app, SendGrid and Twilio are some of the most complete options out there.

In this article we are going to focus on a common scenario when using those services: How can we have a real time status of the emails and text messages that we send from our Rails app.

If you are interested in Ruby and Rails performance, you have definitely read articles by Nate Berkopec from Speedshop. At Ombu Labs we are big fans of his work, his Complete Guide to Rails Performance book and Slack community.

When Nate announced a series of public workshops I didn’t hesitate and signed up as quickly as possible. Here are my notes from my experience at the workshop on October 17th.

The internet is a wonderful place, but there will always be people that don’t have good intentions when they visit our websites. That’s why you need to be aware of the vulnerabilities that your application can have and how to avoid them. In this article I’ll cover two common security problems in Rails applications (I’ll probably make a second part since this is a very extensive topic).

Transcript:

Hello and welcome to the first OmbuCast by OmbuLabs. In this screencast we’ll be taking a look at the derailed_benchmarks gem, and how you can use it to benchmark your Rails application and find, and hopefully fix bottlenecks in your code.

Last month was the fifth edition of the Rails Girls Buenos Aires event, and the third time OmbuLabs participated as a sponsor and part of the coaching team. This time it took place in the impressive offices of Google Argentina where 25 participants attended. All of them were very excited and motivated to start learning new skills.

Today we are happy to announce the launch of our first productized service: FastRuby.io - Speedy Ruby on Rails Upgrades by OmbuLabs.

We are quite familiar with this sort of projects and decided to package it under its own domain. We have been doing Ruby on Rails upgrades since 2009, for our own products and client projects, and we are looking forward to shipping more of them.

I have been using the capybara-webkit gem for a while now since I first tried it out after making the switch from Capybara + Selenium.

Using capybara-webkit speeds up my Selenium tests due to its headless nature, and it’s very straightforward. However, I had some trouble testing a Rails based React app.

In this post, I will explain how I worked around the issues that came up when trying to use capybara-webkit with React.

How many times did you come across a great gem you wanted to try out in a production console, like benchmark-ips or awesome-print?

Be it for performance or for readability, sometimes it’s nice to be able to try out something new quickly without going through a pull request + deployment process. This is possible by modifying the $LOAD_PATH Ruby global variable and requiring the gem manually.

When working on a Rails project, you may have seen present? calls on ActiveRecord relationships. This might feel natural, mostly because present? exists on all objects via ActiveSupport, so you expect the relationship to respond to it, but it’s actually not a very good idea. If all we want to do is check if the scope returns any results from the database, there are better ways than using present?.

I’m a big fan of having small classes. I’m not a big fan of having huge specs for a small class/object. Every time I see an opportunity to DRY my specs, I take it.

Today I wrote a spec to make sure that we gracefully ignore SPAMmy contact requests in the OmbuLabs contact page. It initially looked like this:

test "gracefully ignores spammy requests with valid attributes" do
  @valid_contact = contacts(:two)
  attributes = @valid_contact.attributes
                             .merge(email_confirmation: @valid_contact.email)

  assert_no_difference("Contact.count") do
    post :create, contact: attributes, format: 'js'
  end

  assert_response :success
end

The new behavior adds a simple SPAM trap field that bots will usually fall for. If a bot is submitting the email_confirmation field (which is hidden by a CSS class), then it is SPAM and it gracefully ignores the request.

Sessions provide you a nice little data storage feature where the application does not need to get the information directly from the database. So you do not have to persist data in your database and can easily store info about the user on the fly. This is a nice way to enhance the user experience on your page.

Let’s say that you want to show some users a new fancy sign up form and the rest the old form. If you store the version of the sign up form in a session variable, you don’t need to persist this info in your database.

Recently, we started using Skylight in production for one of our clients’ Rails applications, in an attempt to try to improve the performance of some of the more critical API endpoints.

Skylight reports on:

• Time taken per request
• Breakdown of time taken per SQL query
• Object allocations per request

I noticed an unusually large amount of allocated objects for one request:

This request would take anywhere from 400ms to 3000ms to respond, which is WAY too long.

It will come a time when you will have to decide whether to maintain a Rails project or not.

If you want to seriously consider it, you should follow these 10 steps:

1. Setup the development environment

Git clone the repository and try to start the server. Is the README clear enough? Can you follow the steps in the file and easily get started?

A lot of projects will have a README that is out of date and/or instructions that don’t work right off the bat.

Most of the projects will define guidelines like these:

• Configure your config/database.yml
• Configure your .env file
• Setup the database rake db:create db:migrate db:seed
• Start the server rails server

The best projects will have a one-liner that will setup the entire environment for you.

Maybe in the past you stumbled over the two different approaches to setup your test variables. One way is the more programmatical approach by using instance variables, usually initialized in a before block.

When integrating Backbone.js in your Rails App, you might face the problem of the inability to verify the CSRF-Token.

The CSRF Protection secures your app with a token. Rails makes sure that the person who is interacting with your app is someone who started a session in your site, not some random attacker from another site. So you should not turn it off, unless you know what you are doing.

default_scope is a method provided by ActiveRecord, which allows you to set a default scope (as its name implies) for all operations done on a given model. It can be useful for allowing soft-deletion in your models, by having a deleted_on column on your model and setting the default scope to deleted_on: nil